More and more lately, IT vendors trumpet their electronic-waste recycling and "takeback" programs where manufacturers accept responsibility for the full lifecycle of goods they produce. Better yet, we're told, is the rapid trend toward "green computing" with electronics being produced using fewer toxic substances and materials that cannot be recycled.

[ See also: Companies of all sizes going green ]

Environmental watchdog groups and academics pour out reports at an equally fierce clip regarding the global "e-waste crisis," some with horrifying accounts, complete with photos, of how electronics of all sorts from the U.S. are dumped in China, India, and Africa for "recycling." Some Chinese villages have become e-waste dumping centers where workers use hammers to beat mounds of discarded monitors and PCs into chunks that spew toxins into the air and their lungs.

All of this leads to the question of how much is really being accomplished given the enormity of the problem, which was widely unheard of for decades, and given that electronics makers aren't inclined to curb sales for the sake of the environment. However good their green initiatives are, there are still more PCs, monitors, cell phones, TVs, and other electronics sold every year that have to be disposed of at some point, no matter what they're made of.

"One thing we need to be able to do is to separate the reality from the hype," says IT analyst Roger Kay, president of Endpoint Technologies Associates. On one hand, companies that are out in front with environmental protection programs ought to let that message be known and be lauded for their efforts, but on the other hand, "They may be seen as opportunistic." So they ask analysts like Kay how to handle the marketing spiel. "It's not completely obvious what the right way to do it is."

The magnitude of e-waste is partly responsible for that. The Computer TakeBack Campaign, based in San Jose, California, uses U.S. Environmental Protection Agency figures to illustrate the need for everyone in the chain -- manufacturers to consumers, be they businesses or individuals -- to take responsibility. In the U.S. alone, 2.63 million tons of e-waste were generated in 2005, and more than 87 percent of it wound up in landfills or incinerators. Of the mere 330,000 tons that were "recovered" for recycling, some percentage, estimated to be between 50 percent and 80 percent, was shipped outside of the U.S. after being disposed of, the campaign says on its Web site.

It also bears noting that there is no such thing as totally "green" manufacturing of anything. All such processes have some effect on the environment, including burning fossil fuels to get goods from one place to another. And there will always be people who simply don't care, who are content to toss e-waste into landfills or let it be someone else's problem to deal with.

Green IT making a difference
But positive changes are occurring, spurred by heightened awareness about e-waste, government initiatives -- including in the European Union, Japan, and a few U.S. states -- and market forces. Such companies as Hewlett-Packard, Dell, IBM, Sun, AMD, and Xerox -- and that is far from a complete list -- are in the vanguard, and some of them have been since well before Al Gore got everyone's attention about the perils of trashing the environment. Besides using less toxic material in products and focusing on full lifecycle issues, many IT companies also have internal environmentally focused initiatives and goals, such as improving energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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